{"id":5994,"date":"2025-06-19T12:49:07","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T10:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hacquin.net\/photos\/?p=5994"},"modified":"2025-06-19T12:52:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T10:52:10","slug":"lhippopotame","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hacquin.net\/photos\/2025\/06\/19\/lhippopotame\/","title":{"rendered":"L’hippopotame"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb30″ text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]L\u2019hippopotame est un mammif\u00e8re herbivore semi-aquatique appartenant \u00e0 la famille des hippopotamid\u00e9s. Son nom provient du grec ancien hippopotamos<\/em>, signifiant \u00ab cheval de fleuve \u00bb. Il est principalement pr\u00e9sent en Afrique subsaharienne, o\u00f9 il fr\u00e9quente les rivi\u00e8res, les lacs et les mar\u00e9cages. Reconnaissable \u00e0 son corps massif, ses pattes courtes, sa peau \u00e9paisse et gris\u00e2tre, ainsi que sa t\u00eate large dot\u00e9e de narines plac\u00e9es au sommet du museau, l\u2019hippopotame est l\u2019un des plus gros animaux terrestres au monde, apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phant et le rhinoc\u00e9ros.<\/p>\n

Un adulte peut mesurer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 5 m\u00e8tres de long, peser entre 1 500 et 3 000 kg, et vivre entre 40 et 50 ans \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat sauvage. Malgr\u00e9 son apparence lourde et peu mobile, l\u2019hippopotame est capable de courir \u00e0 une vitesse surprenante sur de courtes distances, pouvant atteindre 30 km\/h. Dans l\u2019eau, il se d\u00e9place avec agilit\u00e9 en marchant ou bondissant au fond, car contrairement \u00e0 ce que l\u2019on pourrait croire, il ne nage pas vraiment.<\/p>\n

L\u2019hippopotame passe la majorit\u00e9 de la journ\u00e9e immerg\u00e9, ne sortant sur la terre ferme que la nuit pour brouter. Son alimentation est essentiellement compos\u00e9e d\u2019herbe, bien qu\u2019il puisse consommer quelques plantes aquatiques. Il peut ing\u00e9rer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40 kg de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux par jour. Lorsqu\u2019il se d\u00e9place sur la rive, il s\u2019oriente en dispersant ses excr\u00e9ments le long du chemin : en tournant sa queue en \u00e9ventail, il les projette pour marquer son trajet. C\u2019est en suivant cette trace olfactive qu\u2019il retrouve son point de d\u00e9part, car son sens de l\u2019orientation est m\u00e9diocre.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 son r\u00e9gime herbivore, l\u2019hippopotame peut se montrer extr\u00eamement agressif, notamment pour d\u00e9fendre son territoire ou ses petits. Il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des animaux les plus dangereux d\u2019Afrique, \u00e0 l\u2019origine de nombreux accidents chaque ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4t\u00e9 comportement, l\u2019hippopotame vit en groupes appel\u00e9s \u00ab hardes \u00bb, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9s d\u2019un m\u00e2le dominant, de plusieurs femelles et de leurs petits. Les interactions sociales sont fr\u00e9quentes, avec des comportements vocaux vari\u00e9s : grognements, mugissements et vocalises sous-marines sont courants.<\/p>\n

La peau de l\u2019hippopotame s\u00e9cr\u00e8te une substance rouge\u00e2tre parfois surnomm\u00e9e \u00ab sueur de sang \u00bb. Cette s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion, bien qu\u2019inoffensive, joue un r\u00f4le antibact\u00e9rien et prot\u00e8ge l\u2019animal contre le soleil.<\/p>\n

Bien que non menac\u00e9 d\u2019extinction imm\u00e9diate, l\u2019hippopotame est class\u00e9 comme vuln\u00e9rable par l\u2019Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN). La destruction de son habitat, la chasse pour sa viande et surtout pour ses dents d\u2019ivoire constituent les principales menaces. La protection de cet animal embl\u00e9matique est donc essentielle pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019\u00e9quilibre des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes africains.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb50″ bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb50″ text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb 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overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_single_testimonial testimonial_style=\u00a0\u00bbbold\u00a0\u00bb color=\u00a0\u00bbAccent-Color\u00a0\u00bb quote=\u00a0\u00bbUn hippopotame est un animal qui a l’air doux et stupide, mais qui tue plus d’hommes en Afrique que le lion.\u00a0\u00bb name=\u00a0\u00bbGraham Greene\u00a0\u00bb subtitle=\u00a0\u00bbEcrivain britannique\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb 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l\u2019\u00e9paisse chaleur de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi, lorsque notre 4×4 s\u2019est arr\u00eat\u00e9 au bord d\u2019un mar\u00e9cage presque silencieux. Seule la plainte lointaine d\u2019un oiseau, le souffle chaud du vent et le clapotis de l\u2019eau troublaient le calme apparent. Et l\u00e0, \u00e9tendus dans la boue, \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 immerg\u00e9s, les yeux \u00e0 peine visibles \u00e0 la surface, une harde d\u2019hippopotames nous observait \u2014 ou plut\u00f4t, nous ignorait royalement.<\/p>\n

Le spectacle semblait paisible, presque comique. Ces g\u00e9ants, aussi massifs qu\u2019antiques, ressemblaient \u00e0 des rochers vivants, immobiles, leur peau luisant sous le soleil africain. Mais ce calme n\u2019allait pas durer.<\/p>\n

Soudain, sans avertissement, deux m\u00e2les \u00e9merg\u00e8rent lentement des rangs, leurs regards charg\u00e9s d\u2019une tension brutale. En un instant, l\u2019air devint \u00e9lectrique. Les rugissements ont \u00e9clat\u00e9, rauques, graves, surprenants. Puis ce fut l\u2019affrontement. Ils se jetaient l\u2019un contre l\u2019autre, gueules grandes ouvertes, d\u00e9voilant d\u2019immenses dents d\u2019ivoire. Des dents taill\u00e9es pour le combat, pas pour m\u00e2cher de l\u2019herbe. Et pourtant, ces cr\u00e9atures sont herbivores. C\u2019est l\u00e0 tout le paradoxe : leur r\u00e9gime est paisible, mais leurs armes sont redoutables.<\/p>\n

Le choc de leurs m\u00e2choires, le claquement des eaux \u00e9clabouss\u00e9es, les grognements rauques… Ce moment, d\u2019une intensit\u00e9 animale brute, m\u2019a saisi. J\u2019ai film\u00e9, photographi\u00e9, fig\u00e9 cette sc\u00e8ne aussi sauvage qu\u2019inattendue. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait plus un mar\u00e9cage tranquille, mais une ar\u00e8ne naturelle.<\/p>\n

Plus tard, ce contraste m\u2019est revenu \u00e0 l\u2019esprit, alors que nous pique-niquions au bord d\u2019un lac dans le crat\u00e8re du Ngorongoro. L\u00e0 encore, les hippopotames flottaient, presque inoffensifs, comme de gros coussins gris. Pourtant, je savais. Je les avais vus dans leur col\u00e8re. Ce calme n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019une fa\u00e7ade. Et ce qui m\u2019a vraiment frapp\u00e9, c\u2019\u00e9tait l\u2019insouciance de certains touristes : s\u2019approchant au plus pr\u00e8s pour capturer leur clich\u00e9, ignorant que ces cr\u00e9atures, en une seconde, peuvent devenir mortelles.<\/p>\n

Ce jour-l\u00e0, j\u2019ai compris quelque chose : la nature africaine ne fait pas de mise en sc\u00e8ne. Elle est simplement l\u00e0, brute, magnifique et impr\u00e9visible. L\u2019hippopotame, dans sa dualit\u00e9, en est l\u2019un des plus fascinants symboles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb50″ text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb 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